Madame Gladys WEST


Gladys West, née Brown en 1930 est une mathématicienne américaine connue pour ses contributions aux systèmes de positionnement par satellites.

Madame Gladys WEST

Gladys West est née le 27 octobre 1930 dans le comté de Dinwiddie, en Virginie, dans une famille d’agriculteurs. La famille Brown possédait sa propre petite ferme, mais beaucoup de familles de la communauté pratiquaient le métayage. Dans un Sud sous l’emprise des lois Jim Crow offrant peu d’opportunités aux Afro-Américains, la jeune Gladys West ne s’empêche pas d’aspirer à une vie meilleure et comprend vite que c’est par l’éducation qu’elle échappera à la vie de la ferme, qui ne lui convient pas. Après avoir obtenu une bourse d’études pour avoir fini à la première place dans sa classe au lycée, elle étudie les mathématiques à l’Université d’État de Virginie . Elle est diplômée en 1952 puis commence à travailler comme enseignante au lycée, puis elle retourne à l’Université pour faire une maîtrise en mathématiques, qu’elle complète en 1955. En 1956, elle commence à travailler à Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division , où elle fut la deuxième femme noire à être employée comme programmeuse. Elle rencontre son mari, Ira West, à la base navale et l’épouse en 1957.

Gladys West a commencé à recueillir des données à partir de satellites, aboutissant au développement du Global Positioning System (GPS). Au début des années 1960, elle participe à une étude révolutionnaire démontrant la résonance de Pluton avec Neptune. L’équipe reçoit une Achievement Medal pour cette recherche. En 1979, son superviseur Ralph Neiman la recommande pour mention élogieuse, puis comme chef de projet pour le projet d’altimétrie radar Seasat, le premier satellite à télédétecter les océans .

West est programmeuse dans la Division Dahlgren pour les ordinateurs de grande puissance et chef de projet pour les systèmes de traitement des données utilisées dans l’analyse des données satellitaires

En 1986, Gladys West publie Data Processing System Specifications for the Geosat Satellite Radar Altimeter (Spécifications du système de traitement de données pour l’altimètre radar du satellite Geosat), un guide illustré de 60 pages. Le guide du Naval Surface Weapons Center (NSWC) est publié pour expliquer comment augmenter la précision de l’estimation des « hauteurs de géoïde et la déviation de la verticale », sujets de géodésie satellitaire. Ceci a été réalisé par le traitement de données créées à partir du radioaltimètre du satellite Geosat mis en orbite le 12 mars 1984. Gladys West a travaillé à Dahlgren pendant 42 ans avant de prendre sa retraite en 1998. Ses contributions au GPS ont seulement été découvertes lorsqu’un membre de la sororité de West, Alpha Kappa Alpha, a lu une courte biographie que West avait soumise pour une cérémonie honorant les anciens membres de l’organisation. En 2000, elle complète un doctorat en administration publique.

En février 2018, Gladys West vit dans le comté de King George, en Virginie, et termine un doctorat (PhD) via un programme d’enseignement à distance avec Virginia Tech. La même année, elle est listée parmi les 100 Women de la BBC.

Les contributions essentielles de Gladys West à la technologie GPS ont été redécouvertes quand un membre de la sororité Alpha, Kappa Alpha, a lu une courte biographie que Gladys avait soumise pour une fonction d’ancienne élève.

Gladys West a été intronisée au Temple de la renommée de la Force aérienne des États-Unis en 2018, l’un des plus grands honneurs du Commandement spatial de la Force aérienne. Le capitaine Godfrey Weekes, commandant de la division Dahlgren du centre de guerre navale de surface, a décrit le rôle joué par Gladys West dans le développement du système de positionnement global : « Elle a gravi les échelons, travaillé sur la géodésie satellitaire et contribué à la précision du GPS et la mesure des données satellitaires. Lorsque Gladys West a commencé sa carrière de mathématicienne à Dahlgren en 1956, elle ne savait probablement pas que son travail aurait un impact sur le monde pendant des décennies. » Gladys West a acquiescé, affirmant qu’elle ne savait pas à l’époque que son travail toucherait tellement de gens : « Quand vous travaillez tous les jours, vous ne vous demandez pas quel impact cela aura sur le monde, mais vous pensez plutôt qu’il faut faire les choses correctement. »

Gladys West a été sélectionnée par la BBC dans le cadre de la série 100 Women de 2018.

Mrs /Mme Gladys WEST

Sources Wikipedia / Google / Youtube / Diverses

DEMIS ROUSSOS: Good bye…


 

Artemios “Demis” Ventouris Roussos  (June 15, 1946 – January 25, 2015)

Demis was a GREEK SINGER  and performer who had international hit records as a solo performer in the 1970s after having been a member of    Aphrodite’s Child , a progressive rock group that also included Vangelis. He has sold over 60 million albums worldwide.

Roussos was born and raised in Alexandira Egypt , in a family where his father George (engineer Yorgos Roussos) was Greek and mother  Nelly MAZLOUM  was Egyptian of Italian origin. His parents lost their possessions during the Suez Crisis and consequently decided to move to  greece  

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After settling in Greece, Roussos participated in a series of musical groups beginning with The Idols when he was 17, where he met Evangelos Papathanassiou (later known as  VANGELIS ) and Loukas Sideras, his future bandmates in of    Aphrodite’s Child  . After this he joined We Five (not the San Francisco, California folk-rock group), another cover band which had limited success in Greece.

Roussos came to a wider audience in 1967 when he joined progressive rock  band of    Aphrodite’s Child , with Vangelis and Sideras, initially as a singer but later also playing bass guitar, achieving commercial success in France and other parts of Europe from 1968 to 1972.

 

They set off for London to break into the international music scene but as a result of bad weather, the plane landed them in Paris – and they decided to stay there signing a record deal with Philips S.A. His operatic vocal style helped propel the band to international success, notably on their final album  666  , which became a progressive rock  cult classic.

After Aphrodite’s Child disbanded, Roussos continued to record sporadically with former bandmate Vangelis

 In 1970 the two released Sex Power (although the album has also been disputably credited to Aphrodite’s Child), also recording the 1977 album Magic together. Their most successful collaboration was “Race To The End” (also sung in Spanish as “Tu Libertad”), a vocal adaptation of the musical theme from the Oscar winning film  Chariots of fire , while Roussos also guested on the soundtrack to  Blade runner (1982), with a song entitled “Tales Of The Future”.

Roussos died early Sunday morning, January 25, 2015, while hospitalized at “Ygeia Hospital” in Athens, Greece. The news of his death where confirmed a day later by his friend and journalist Nikos Aliagas  who tweeted, on January 25, 2015, in both Greek and French ]. The death of the famous artist has been confirmed later the same day by his daughter, who spoke in Greek and French media.

 

 

Roussos also began a solo career with the song “We Shall Dance” in 1971. Initially unsuccessful, he toured around Europe and became a leading artist. His solo career peaked in the mid 1970 with several hit albums. His single “Forever And Ever” topped the charts in several countries in 1973 (1976 in U.K.).

 Other hits were “My Friend The Wind”, “My Reason”, “Velvet Mornings”, “Goodbye My Love, Goodbye”, “Someday Somewhere” and “Lovely Lady Of Arcadia”. His first UK single to chart was in 1975: “Happy To Be On An Island In The Sun” written by an Englishman David Lewis with the record reaching No. 5 in the charts.

His popularity in the rest of Europe, but not the UK, came to fascinate BBC-TV producer John King who made a documentary which he called ‘The Roussos Phenomenon’ in 1976. The programme was aired and Roussos’ scored a number one chart selling E.P. record of the same title and with three back catalogue albums entering the charts.

Roussos was mentioned in the television play Abigail’s Party (1977) and made one of his earliest appearances on English-speaking TV on the Basil Brush Show. Before appearing on the Basil Brush Show, he had appeared on the Nana Mouskouri TV show in the UK, singing a duet version of his hit single “Happy To Be On An Island In The Sun”.

 In 1980, Roussos had a hit with a cover of Air Supply’s “Lost In Love”, sung as a duet with Florence Warner. His UK career was now being managed by ex-Phonogram promotion man, Don Percival.

He re-recorded his songs in a number of languages, including Japanese, whereas The Roussos Phenomenon EP was the first No.1 hit for an African-born artist in the history of the UK Singles Chart. He was equally successful across Europe and Latin America, although a gold disc for the LP Demis remains his only success in the United States.

For years Roussos struggled with his weight. In June 1980 he weighed 147 kg. He then began a diet in which he lost 50 kg in 10 months.

 In 1982 he co-authored the book A Question Of Weight with his close friend Veronique Skawinska, in which he dealt candidly with his struggles with obesity. Roussos suffered a fallow period during the 1980s in terms of hits and his output dried up as he battled clinical depression.

In June 1985, he was amongst the hostages during the hijacking of TWA Flight 847.

In 1989, he recorded the song “Young Love”, a duet with German singer/songwriter Drafi Deutscher, which was released as a single in Germany and reached No.2 in the famous German music TV show ZDF Hitparade in October of the same year.

The 1990s saw even more substantial releases by Roussos. In 1993 he released Insight (also called Morning Has Broken) to general acclaim. After that he teamed up with BR Music in the Netherlands to produce Immortel, Serenade and In Holland, utilising a variety of ethnic and electronic styles..

Roussos continued to record and tour. The spring of 2002 saw him do a tour of England, whilst in recent years he has appeared in Russia and the United Arab Emirates. A committed follower of the Greek Orthodox faith, he has sung as a guest in a number of churches in Greece and worldwide.

In 2006, he released the acclaimed Live In Brasil, which documents his return to a country where his popularity led him to record “Você Você E Nada Mais” – a huge hit in Portuguese.

From 2006 to 2008, he was part of the Âge Tendre Et Têtes De Bois tour, a series of concerts featuring French singers from the sixties and seventies.

A comeback took place in 2009, with Roussos recording a new studio album produced by Marc di Domenico, released on May 11.

WIKIPEDIA  SOURCES